This page lists publications that have used or cited SARL (or Janus 2.x/3.x) software and/or models.

This list is by no means complete or exhaustive. If you are using and/or citing SARL in your work, or you know of work that is not listed, please send the relevant citations to  stephane.galland@utbm.fr.

• 1. Citing SARL
• 2. Journal, Conference and Workshop Papers
• 3. Presentations and Talks
• 4. Publications before 2014

1. Citing SARL

If you use SARL in your research and want to cite it (in a paper, presentation, whatever), please use this reference:

Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., & Galland, S. (2014). SARL: a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language. The 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology.

1. @inproceedings{iat2014,
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St\'ephane},
     keywords = {Agent Programming Languages, {SARL}},
     title = {{SARL:} a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language},
     booktitle = {the 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology},
     year = {2014},
     publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Society Press},
     address = {Warsaw, Poland}
   }
   

Or, you can choose to cite the website instead:

SARL agent-oriented language website, http://www.sarl.io.

A list of references (papers and PhD theses on or using SARL) is available below.

2. Journal, Conference and Workshop Papers

2024

1. Rodriguez, S., Galland, S., & Gaud, N. (2024). Ten Years of SARL: What’s Next? In A. Ricci & R. Collier (Eds.), 21th European Conference on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS-24). EURaMAS. https://euramas.github.io/eumas2024/
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   SARL is a versatile general-purpose agent-oriented programming language designed to offer fundamental abstractions for agent-oriented programming (AOP) while remaining agnostic to specific agent architectures. Its robust features empower developers to implement a diverse range of agent models and distributed interaction schemes, catering to various domain-specific requirements. On the occasion of its 10th anniversary, we review the key concepts and features of SARL. We highlight its exibility by showcasing significant extensions and practical use cases. We also explore SARL’s approach to addressing new AOP requirements and discuss the future directions of the language

   @inproceedings{Rodriguez2024,
     title = {Ten Years of {SARL:} What's Next?},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and Gaud, Nicolas},
     year = {2024},
     month = aug,
     url = {https://euramas.github.io/eumas2024/},
     keywords = {SARL; Agent Oriented Programming; Agent Oriented Software Engineering},
     _language = {ENGLISH},
     _publication_type = {INTERNATIONAL_ORAL_COMMUNICATION},
     _publication_type_name = {Oral Communications without proceeding in international conference},
     _publication_category = {C_COM},
     _publication_category_name = {Oral Communications without proceeding in international or national conference},
     booktitle = {21th European Conference on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS-24)},
     editor = {Ricci, Alessandro and Collier, Rem},
     address = {Dublin, Ireland},
     _core_ranking = {C},
     publisher = {EURaMAS},
     note = {CORE Ranking: C}
   }
   

2. Manjah, D., Galland, S., De Vleeschouwer, C., & Macq Benoı̂t. (2024, November). Architecture holonique pour la surveillance multi-capteur et multi-méthode du traffic routier au sein d’une ville intelligente. 32ème Journées Francophones Sur Les Systèmes Multi-Agents (JFSMA-24), in Plate-Forme Intelligence Artificielle (PFIA-24).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Cet article s’intéresse au déploiement de systèmes de surveillance flexibles et performants au sein de villes intelligentes. Ces systèmes doivent intégrer en continu de nouveaux capteurs et algorithmes de détection, qui sont autonomes (capables de prendre des décisions indépendamment d’un système central) et possèdent des compétences d’interaction (capables d’échanger des observations). À cet effet, notre travail propose d’adopter une architecture basée sur un modèle multi-agent organisationnel et holonique. Il tire parti de la modélisation hiérarchique du système et de méthodes autonomes de traitement des vidéos afin de créer des systèmes de surveillance multi-capteurs et multi-méthodes qui soient évolutifs et modulaires. Une étude de cas sur le suivi de véhicules montre la pertinence de notre approche en termes d’efficacité et de qualité de perception, ainsi que de temps d’exécution.

   @inproceedings{Manjah2024a,
     title = {Architecture holonique pour la surveillance multi-capteur et multi-m{\'{e}}thode du traffic routier au sein d'une ville intelligente},
     author = {Manjah, Dani and Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and De Vleeschouwer, Christophe and Macq, Beno{\^{\i}}t},
     year = {2024},
     month = nov,
     keywords = {Syst{\`{e}}me de surveillance multi-capteur et multi-m{\'{e}}thode, Holons, ASPECS, SARL},
     _language = {FRENCH},
     _publication_type = {NATIONAL_CONFERENCE_PAPER},
     _publication_type_name = {Papers in the proceedings of a national conference},
     _publication_category = {C_ACTN},
     _publication_category_name = {Papers in the proceedings of a national conference},
     booktitle = {32{\`{e}}me Journ{\'{e}}es Francophones sur les Syst{\`{e}}mes Multi-Agents (JFSMA-24), in Plate-Forme Intelligence Artificielle (PFIA-24)},
     address = {Carg{\`{e}}se, France},
     publisher = {Lavoisier}
   }
   

3. Manjah, D., Galland, S., De Vleeschouwer, C., & Macq Benoı̂t. (2024). Autonomous Methods in Multisensor Architecture for Smart Surveillance. 16th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART-24), 3, 823–831. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012395700003636
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   This paper considers the deployment of flexible and high-performance surveillance systems. These systems must continuously integrate new sensors and sensing algorithms, which are autonomous (e.g., capable of making decisions independently of a central system) and possess interaction skills (e.g., capable of exchanging observations). For this purpose, our work proposes adopting an agent-based architecture derived from an organizational and holonic (i.e., system of systems) multi-agent model. It leverages autonomous processing methods, resulting in a scalable and modular multisensor and multimethod surveillance systems. A vehicle tracking case study demonstrates the relevance of our approach in terms of effectiveness and runtime.

   @inproceedings{Manjah2024b,
     title = {Autonomous Methods in Multisensor Architecture for Smart Surveillance},
     author = {Manjah, Dani and Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and De Vleeschouwer, Christophe and Macq, Beno{\^{\i}}t},
     year = {2024},
     month = feb,
     doi = {10.5220/0012395700003636},
     keywords = {Distributed Smart Cameras Architectures, Holonic Multiagent Systems, Large-scale Surveillance Systems, Multisensor and Multimethod},
     _language = {ENGLISH},
     _publication_type = {INTERNATIONAL_CONFERENCE_PAPER},
     _publication_type_name = {Papers in the proceedings of an international conference},
     _publication_category = {C_ACTI},
     _publication_category_name = {Papers in the proceedings of an international conference},
     booktitle = {16th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART-24)},
     volume = {3},
     pages = {823--831},
     address = {Rome, Italy},
     _core_ranking = {B},
     publisher = {Springer},
     note = {CORE Ranking: B}
   }
   

4. Motsch, W., Wagner, A., & Ruskowski, M. (2024). Autonomous Agent-Based Adaptation of Energy-Optimized Production Schedules Using Extensive-Form Games. Sustainability, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093612
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Modular cyber-physical production systems are an important paradigm of Industry 4.0 to react flexibly to changes. The flexibility of those systems is further increased with skill-based engineering and can be used to adapt to customer requirements or to adapt manufacturing to disturbances in supply chains. Further potential for application of these systems can be found in the topic of electrical energy supply, which is also characterized by fluctuations. The relevance of energy-optimized production schedules for manufacturing systems in general becomes more important with the increased use of renewable energies. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to adapt when short-term energy price updates or unforeseen events occur. To address these challenges with an autonomous approach, this contribution focuses on extensive-form games to adapt energy-optimized production schedules in an agent-based manner. The paper presents agent-based modeling to transform and monitor energy-optimized production schedules into game trees to respond to changing energy prices and disturbances in production. The game is setup with a scheduler agent and energy agents who are considered players. The implementation of the mechanism is presented in two use cases, realizing decision making for an energy price update in a simulation example and for unforeseen events in a real-world demonstrator.

   @article{sustainability2024,
     author = {Motsch, William and Wagner, Achim and Ruskowski, Martin},
     title = {Autonomous Agent-Based Adaptation of Energy-Optimized Production Schedules Using Extensive-Form Games},
     journal = {Sustainability},
     volume = {16},
     year = {2024},
     number = {9},
     article-number = {3612},
     url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/9/3612},
     issn = {2071-1050},
     doi = {10.3390/su16093612}
   }
   

5. Manjah, D., Galland, S., De Vleeschouwer, C., & Macq Benoı̂t. (2024). Autonomous Methods in Multisensor Architecture for Smart Surveillance. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART-24), 823–831. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012395700003636
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{icaart24,
     author = {Manjah, Dani and Galland, St\'ephane and De Vleeschouwer, Christophe and Macq, Beno\^{\i}t},
     booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART-24)},
     pages = {823-831},
     publisher = {SciTePress},
     organization = {INSTICC},
     doi = {10.5220/0012395700003636},
     title = {Autonomous Methods in Multisensor Architecture for Smart Surveillance},
     year = {2024},
     isbn = {978-989-758-680-4}
   }
   

2023

1. Nour El Houda, D., Galland, S., Zakaria, T., Allaoua, N., & Ferkani, M. (2023). Distributed, Dynamic and Recursive Planning for Holonic Multi-Agent Systems: a behavioural model-based approach. Electronics, 12(23), 4797. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234797
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   In this work, we propose a new distributed, dynamic, and recursive planning approach able to consider the hierarchical nature of the holonic agent and the unpredictable evolution of its behaviour. For each new version of the holonic agent, introduced because of the agent members obtaining new roles to achieve new goals and adapt to the changing environment, the approach generates a new plan that can solve the new planning problem associated with this new version against which the plans, executed by the holonic agent, become obsolete. To do this, the approach starts by generating sub-plans capable of solving the planning sub-problems associated with the groups of the holonic agent at its different levels. It then recursively links the sub-plans, according to their hierarchical and behavioural dependency, to obtain a global plan. To generate the sub-plans, the approach exploits the behavioural model of the holonic agent’s groups, thereby minimising the computation rate imposed by other multi-agent planning methods. In our work, we have used a concrete case to show and illustrate the usefulness of our approach.

   @article{NourElHouda2023,
     title = {Distributed, Dynamic and Recursive Planning for Holonic {Multi-Agent} Systems: a behavioural model-based approach},
     author = {Nour El Houda, Dehimi and Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and Zakaria, Tolba and Allaoua, Nora and Ferkani, Mouhamed},
     year = {2023},
     doi = {10.3390/electronics12234797},
     issn = {2079-9292},
     url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/23/4797},
     keywords = {Automated Planning; Multi-agent planning (MAP); Distributed planning; Holonic multi-agent system HMAS; Unpredictable evolution of behaviour},
     _language = {ENGLISH},
     _publication_type = {INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_PAPER},
     _publication_type_name = {Articles in international journals with selection committee},
     _publication_category = {ACL},
     _publication_category_name = {Articles in international or national journals with selection committee and ranked in international databases},
     journal = {Electronics},
     publisher = {MDPI},
     address = {Switzerland},
     volume = {12},
     number = {23},
     pages = {4797},
     series = {Computer Science & Engineering - Special Issue on Collaborative Artificial Systems},
     _scimago_qindex = {Q2},
     _wos_qindex = {Q3},
     _impact_factor = {2.69},
     note = {Scimago Q-Index: Q2, WOS Q-Index: Q3, Impact factor: 2.69}
   }
   

2. Motsch, W., Simon, M., Sidorenko, A., Rübel, P., Kränzler, C., Wagner, A., & Ruskowski, M. (2023). Energy Agents for Energy Load Profiling in Modular Skill-Based Production Environments. In T. Borangiu, D. Trentesaux, P. Leitão, L. Berrah, & J.-F. Jimenez (Eds.), Service Oriented, Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing Systems for Industry of the Future (SOHOMA 2023) (Vol. 1136, pp. 394–408). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53445-4_33
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Modular skill-based production environments provide a high flexibility to fulfil various requirements in manufacturing like the production of individualized products or the selection of alternative production chains in case of unforeseen disturbances. Within these complex and changing production environments, there is a demand for transparency on the energy consumption and related energy costs for production processes, so that these can be considered during planning and monitoring of machine skills. However, the ability to manufacture products by using such flexible production processes leads to various constellations in which it is difficult to identify and map the related energy consumption of production skills. The objective of this paper is to develop a concept that, in the context of a multi-agent distributed production control system, allows energy agents to interact with resource agents to access energy metering data for energy load profiling during the skill execution in production. A special focus is put on how the functions of energy agents can support a methodical creation of energy load profiles on the granular level of skills. The realization and results are presented on a real-world demonstrator of the SmartFactory-KL as part of a skill-based production environment.

   @inproceedings{Sohoma2023,
     author = {Motsch, William and Simon, Marco and Sidorenko, Aleksandr and R{\"u}bel, Pascal and Kr{\"a}nzler, Christian and Wagner, Achim and Ruskowski, Martin},
     editor = {Borangiu, Theodor and Trentesaux, Damien and Leit{\~a}o, Paulo and Berrah, Lamia and Jimenez, Jose-Fernando},
     title = {Energy Agents for Energy Load Profiling in Modular Skill-Based Production Environments},
     booktitle = {Service Oriented, Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing Systems for Industry of the Future (SOHOMA 2023)},
     year = {2023},
     volume = {1136},
     publisher = {Springer Nature},
     address = {Switzerland},
     pages = {394--408},
     isbn = {978-3-031-53445-4},
     doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-53445-4_33}
   }
   

3. Sidorenko, A., Motsch, W., Bekkum, M., van, Nikolakis, N., Alexopoulos, K., & Wagner, A. (2023). The MAS4AI framework for human-centered agile and smart manufacturing. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6(1241522). https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1241522
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Volatility and uncertainty of today’s value chains along with the market’s demands for low-batch customized products mandate production systems to become smarter and more resilient, dynamically and even autonomously adapting to both external and internal disturbances. Such resilient behavior can be partially enabled by highly interconnected Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) incorporating advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. Multi-agent solutions can provide better planning and control, improving flexibility and responsiveness in production systems. Small modular parts can autonomously take intelligent decisions and react to local events. The main goal of decentralization and interconnectivity is to enable autonomous and cooperative decision-making. Nevertheless, a more efficient orchestration of various AI components and deeper human integration are required. In addition, global behaviors of coalitions of autonomous agents are not easily comprehensible by workers. Furthermore, it is challenging to implement an Industry 4.0 paradigm where a human should be in charge of decision-making and execution. This paper discusses a Multi-Agent System (MAS) where several software agents cooperate with smart workers to enable a dynamic and reconfigurable production paradigm. Asset Administration Shell (AAS) submodels hold smart workers’ descriptions in machine-readable format, serving as an integration layer between various system’s components. The self-description capability of the AAS supports the system’s adaptability and self-configuration. The proposed concept supports the plug-and-produce functionality of the production modules and improves human-machine integration in the shared assembly tasks.
   

   @article{frai2023,
     author = {Sidorenko, Aleksandr and Motsch, William and Bekkum, van, Michael and Nikolakis, Nikolaos and Alexopoulos, Kosmas and Wagner, Achim},
     title = {The {MAS4AI} framework for human-centered agile and smart manufacturing},
     journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence},
     volume = {6},
     year = {2023},
     number = {1241522},
     issn = {2624-8212},
     doi = {10.3389/frai.2023.1241522},
     address = {Switzerland}
   }
   

4. Outay, F., Galland, S., Abbas-Turki, A., Martinet, T., Lombard, A., & Gaud, N. (2023). Addressing Hazardous Weather Conditions on Middle-East Highways with Smart Infrastructure and Connected Vehicles using Agent-Based Simulation. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-023-01742-z
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   The lack of visibility due to foggy conditions is known to cause of a lot of accidents every year in the United Arab Emirates, eventually leading to fatal injuries. Yet, today’s technology can help to overcome these visibility issues by providing dynamic information to the driver about the current weather and an appropriate speed limit. This paper explores four strategies, ranging from static road signs to advanced inter-vehicular communication, to better warn the drivers and make them adapt their speed depending on the weather. To evaluate the impact of each policy, agent-based simulations are designed and performed. The results show that a dynamic communication about the weather conditions, supported by either an infrastructure-to-vehicle or a vehicle-to-vehicle protocol, can reduce the probability of occurrence of accidents.

   @article{pauc23,
     title = {Addressing Hazardous Weather Conditions on {Middle-East} Highways with Smart Infrastructure and Connected Vehicles using {Agent-Based} Simulation},
     author = {Outay, Fatma and Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and Abbas-Turki, Abdeljalil and Martinet, Thomas and Lombard, Alexandre and Gaud, Nicolas},
     year = {2023},
     doi = {10.1007/s00779-023-01742-z},
     issn = {1617-4917},
     keywords = {Agent-based Simulation; Microscopic simulation; Traffic Simulation; Foggy Weather Condition},
     journal = {Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
     publisher = {Springer}
   }
   

5. Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Micalizio, R., & Tedeschi, S. (2023). Towards Exception Handling in the SARL Agent Platform. In P. Mathieu, F. Dignum, P. Novais, & F. De la Prieta (Eds.), Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Cognitive Mimetics. The PAAMS Collection (pp. 403–408). Springer Nature Switzerland.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   We demonstrate how exception handling can be realized in the SARL agent platform. We see exception handling as a mechanism binding some agents, entitled to raise given exceptions, to the ones entitled to handle them. To this end, we define dedicated exception spaces through which defining the agents’ behavior in presence of exceptions.

   @inproceedings{paams23,
     author = {Baldoni, Matteo and Baroglio, Cristina and Micalizio, Roberto and Tedeschi, Stefano},
     editor = {Mathieu, Philippe and Dignum, Frank and Novais, Paulo and De la Prieta, Fernando},
     title = {Towards Exception Handling in the SARL Agent Platform},
     booktitle = {Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Cognitive Mimetics. The PAAMS Collection},
     year = {2023},
     publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
     address = {Cham},
     pages = {403--408},
     isbn = {978-3-031-37616-0}
   }
   

6. Galland, S., & Gaud, N. (2023). Automatic Detection of Pure Actions within the SARL Agent-Programming Language. 7th International Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL-23), in International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT-23), 220, 1071–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.03.150
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   In computer programming, a pure function is a function that has no side-effects. Pure actions, which are assimilated to pure functions, play an important role within the SARL agent-programming language. Indeed, several constructs of the language, e.g. the guard conditions of the event handlers, cannot contain calls to unpure actions. In many existing languages, the purity of the action is declared by the developer, who could put a marker on the action in some languages, or simply implicit. The contribution of this paper is an algorithm to automatically determine if an action is pure in order to allow the SARL compiler to mark the actions as pure for the developer. The proposed algorithm is successfully implemented in the SARL compiler.

   @inproceedings{sarl23,
     title = {Automatic Detection of Pure Actions within the {SARL} {Agent-Programming} Language},
     author = {Galland, St{\'{e}}phane and Gaud, Nicolas},
     year = {2023},
     month = mar,
     doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2023.03.150},
     keywords = {Function Purity; Agent Action; Programming Language; SARL},
     _language = {ENGLISH},
     _publication_type = {INTERNATIONAL_CONFERENCE_PAPER},
     _publication_type_name = {Papers in the proceedings of an international conference},
     _publication_category = {C_ACTI},
     _publication_category_name = {Papers in the proceedings of an international conference},
     booktitle = {7th International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL-23), in International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT-23)},
     volume = {220},
     pages = {1071--1076},
     series = {Procedia Computer Science},
     address = {Leuven, Belgium},
     publisher = {Elsevier}
   }
   

2022

1. Multilevel and Holonic Model for Dynamic Holarchy Management: Application to Large-Scale Road Traffic. (2022). Int. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (EAAI), 109, 104622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104622
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Nowadays, with the emergence of connected objects and cars, road traffic systems become more and more complex and exhibit hierarchical behaviors at several levels of detail. The multilevel modeling approach is generally appropriate to represent traffic from several perspectives.  However, few works have been interested in  multilevel traffic modeling. Moreover, most of the available multilevel models of traffic proposed in the literature are static because they use a set of predefined levels of detail and these representations cannot change during simulation. To tackle these drawbacks, this paper introduces a holonic multilevel and dynamic traffic model for large-scale traffic systems. To this end, the paper proposes a density-based upward holonification model to group similar entities   to structure the holarchy of traffic. Additionally, it proposes a downward holonification model based on the Gaussian distribution   to  break down non-atomic entities. 
   Moreover, the paper presents a methodology for the management of the holarchy’s dynamics over time allowing the transitions between heterogeneous representations of a traffic system. Furthermore, multilevel indicators based on standard deviation are  proposed to assess the consistency of the simulation results. The experiments are conducted with several simple scenarios on a highway to investigate the trade-off between the simulation accuracy and the availability of computational resources.

   @article{eaai2022b,
     keywords = {Holonic Multiagent System, Multilevel Modeling and Simulation, Large-Scale Road Traffic, DBSCAN, Intelligent Driver Model},
     issn = {0952-1976},
     doi = {10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104622},
     language = {English},
     journal = {Int. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (EAAI)},
     volume = {109},
     pages = {104622},
     month = feb,
     year = {2022},
     title = {Multilevel and Holonic Model for Dynamic Holarchy Management: Application to Large-Scale Road Traffic},
     author = {}
   }
   

2. Outay, F., Abbas-Turki, A., Galland, S., Lombard, A., & Gaud, N. (2022). Comparison of Reaction Time-based Collaborative Velocity Control and Intelligent Driver Model for Agent-based Simulation of Autonomous Car . Elsevier.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Based on historical records, driving in hazardous weather conditions is one of the most serious causes that lead to fatal accidents
   on roads in general and in United Arab Emirates (UAE) highways in particular. One solution to improve road safety is to equip
   vehicles and infrastructure with connected and smart devices and to convert them to autonomous vehicles. Before deploying a
   concrete solution to the field, it must be validated by simulation, and more specifically, agent-based simulation. In this paper,
   we propose to implement the Reaction Time-Based Collaborative Velocity Control (RT-CVC) model that was implemented in
   autonomous cars into an agent-based simulator. This model is compared to the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) , which is one of
   the standard longitudinal driving behaviors in simulation environments. Experimental results show that RT-CVC provides higher
   results regarding safety and fluidity of traffic. This positive analysis is balanced by the fact that RT-CVC is designed for autonomous
   cars and IDM is designed to model human-drive decisions. Using RT-CVC for modeling a human driver may be counter productive
   in simulation experiments.

   @inproceedings{mobispc2022b,
     keywords = {Driving model, Microsimulation, Agent-oriented model, Comparison},
     pages = {Elsevier},
     organization = {Acadia University and Hasselt University},
     publisher = {Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada},
     address = {19th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing},
     month = aug,
     year = {2022},
     title = {Comparison of Reaction Time-based Collaborative Velocity Control and Intelligent Driver Model for Agent-based Simulation of Autonomous Car },
     author = {Outay, Fatma and Abbas-Turki, Abdeljalil and Galland, St\'ephane and Lombard, Alexandre and Gaud, Nicolas}
   }
   

3. Tchappi Haman, I., Etienne Ndamlabin Mboula, J., Najjar, A., Mualla, Y., & Galland, S. (2022, September). A Decentralized Multilevel Agent Based Explainable Model for Fleet Management of Remote Drones. 19th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   With the widespread use of artificial intelligence, understanding the behavior of intelligent agents and robots such as drones is
   crucial to guarantee successful human-agent interaction since it is not straightforward for humans to understand an agent?s state of
   mind. Recent empirical studies have confirmed that explaining a system?s behavior to human users fosters the latter?s acceptance of
   the system and therefore bring out the importance of explainability. However, providing overwhelming or sometimes unnecessary
   information may also confuse the users and cause failure. For these reasons, this paper proposes a decentralized method to aggregate
   explanations sent by remote agents to human users according to the user?s wishes and needs. To this end, the paper relies on holonic
   multiagent system in order to decompose hierarchically environment and enable the aggregation of the explanations. The proposal
   is tested on a small scenario and outlines explanations at different levels of detail from microscopic to macroscopic.

   @inproceedings{mobispc2022a,
     keywords = {Drones, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, Holonic MultiAgent System, Decentralized approach},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     organization = {Acadia University and Hasselt University},
     address = {Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada},
     booktitle = {19th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing},
     month = sep,
     year = {2022},
     title = {A Decentralized Multilevel Agent Based Explainable Model for Fleet Management of Remote Drones},
     author = {Tchappi Haman, Igor and Etienne Ndamlabin Mboula, Jean and Najjar, Amro and Mualla, Yazan and Galland, St\'ephane}
   }
   

4. Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Chiappino, G., Micalizio, R., & Tedeschi, S. (2022, March). Exception Handling in SARL as a Responsibility Distribution. 6th International Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Exception handling has been successfully proposed in software engineering practice as a simple, but effective, technology to address abnormal situations possibly occurring at runtime. Such mechanisms support the robust composition of heterogeneous software components, promoting code modularity, decoupling, and separation of concerns. Multi-agent systems bring these features to an extreme, but often lack systematic mechanisms for treating exceptions as part of their design. In this paper, we show how exception handling mechanism can be introduced in SARL, leveraging the abstractions that characterize its programming model. We introduce a new kind of space, supporting the responsibility distribution among agents concerning the handling of exceptional situations.

   @inproceedings{sarl2022,
     keywords = {Exception Handling; Responsibility; Software Composition; Robustness; SARL},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     address = {Porto, Portugal},
     booktitle = {6th International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL)},
     month = mar,
     year = {2022},
     title = {Exception Handling in SARL as a Responsibility Distribution},
     author = {Baldoni, Matteo and Baroglio, Cristina and Chiappino, Giovanni and Micalizio, Roberto and Tedeschi, Stefano}
   }
   

2021

1. Outay, F., Galland, S., Gaud, N., & Abbas-Turki, A. (2021). Simulation of Connected Driving in Hazardous Weather Conditions: General and Extensible Multiagent Architecture and Models. Int. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (EAAI), 104, 104412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104412
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Based on historical records, driving in hazardous weather conditions is one of the most serious causes that lead to fatal accidents on roads in general and in United Arab Emirates (UAE) highways in particular.  One solution for improving road safety is to equip the vehicles and infrastructure with connected and smart devices. Before deploying a concrete solution on the field,  it must be validated by simulation, and more specifically agent-based simulation.  Several key features are expected for the simulation framework, such as the reproduction of different and detailed behaviors for the components of the road infrastructure and for the drivers, simulate specific weather conditions and forecast their impacts on the global system behavior.  Additionally, several technological features are related to recent advancements in agent software engineering and simulation.   This  paper  proposes  an  agent-based  model  for  the  modeling  and simulation of traffic in foggy weather conditions that covers the above features and technological requirements.  The architecture is used and validated on two scenarios of traffic on UAE highways in foggy weather conditions.  The first scenario does not include an intelligent transport system, and the second considers smart speed limit panels.  From the experiments, the proposed model supports the expected key features,  i.e.,  microscopic simulation of intelligent transport systems,  including  infrastructure  and connected cars,  and of different  driving behaviors (human or autonomous car).  Even if the included weather condition model is basic,  a proof of concept is provided regarding the connection of an agent model and a weather condition model.

   @article{eaai2022a,
     keywords = {Agent-based Simulation, Microscopic simulation, Traffic Simulation, Foggy Weather Condition},
     note = {To be plublished},
     issn = {0952-1976},
     doi = {10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104412},
     url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197621002608},
     journal = {Int. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (EAAI)},
     volume = {104},
     pages = {104412},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     month = aug,
     year = {2021},
     title = {Simulation of Connected Driving in Hazardous Weather Conditions: General and Extensible Multiagent Architecture and Models},
     author = {Outay, Fatma and Galland, St\'ephane and Gaud, Nicolas and Abbas-Turki, Abdeljalil}
   }
   

2020

1. GALLAND, S., MUALLA, Y., ZHAO, H., RODRIGUEZ, S., NAJJAR, A., & GAUD, N. (2020). Model Transformations from the SARL Agent-Oriented Programming Language to an Object-Oriented Programming Language. In C. Baroglio, J. F. Hübner, & M. Winikoff (Eds.), Special IJ-AOSE track of the 8th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (EMAS 2020).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   SARL is a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language. This language aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interaction, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfiguration that are usually considered essential for implementing agent-based applications. Every programming language specifies an execution model. In the case of SARL, this execution model is defined based on the object- oriented paradigm, i.e. the run-time environment is written in Java. Accordingly, and by default, the SARL programs are transformed into their equivalent object- oriented programs written in Java. The goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to explain the mapping between the agent-oriented paradigm and the object-oriented paradigm. Secondly, to define transformations from the SARL constructs to the Java constructs. We advocate that these goals enable the SARL developers to understand the SARL statements, and the mapping to the equivalent executable entities.

   @inproceedings{emas2020,
     booktitle = {Special IJ-AOSE track of the 8th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (EMAS 2020)},
     keywords = {Agent-Oriented Paradigm; Object-Oriented Paradigm; Language Transformation; SARL; Java},
     editor = {Baroglio, Cristina and H\"ubner, Jomi Fred and Winikoff, Michael},
     month = may,
     year = {2020},
     address = {Auckland, New Zealand},
     title = {Model Transformations from the SARL Agent-Oriented Programming Language to an Object-Oriented Programming Language},
     author = {GALLAND, St\'ephane and MUALLA, Yazan and ZHAO, Hui and RODRIGUEZ, Sebastian and NAJJAR, Amro and GAUD, Nicolas}
   }
   

2. ZHAO, H., MUALLA, Y., GALLAND, S., TCHAPPI HAMAN, I., BELLEMANS, T., & YASAR, A.-U.-H. (2020, May). Decision-Making under Time Pressure when Rescheduling Daily Activities. 11th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT20).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Generally during the execution of the daily schedule, there is a mismatch between the plan and the reality. Faced with unexpected events, which affect the schedule, individuals need to reschedule their decisions. In such situations, time is an important factor when making a rescheduling decision, as people feel time pressure because of the time threshold. Consequently, the rescheduling decision is made under the individual’s own Perceived Time Pressure (PTP). PTP does not only depend on the actual time pressure, but also on the individual’s characteristics. The aim of this paper is to establish a model to simulate the individual decision behavior under PTP. Under different levels of PTP, individuals will choose different strategies to take the decision, and there are three decision strategies to consider: optimal, salient and experience.

   @inproceedings{ant2020,
     booktitle = {11th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT20)},
     keywords = {Perceived Time Pressure, Decision Strategy, Individual Decision Model, Task Complexity, Choice Probability, Activity Rescheduling},
     month = may,
     year = {2020},
     address = {Warsaw, Poland},
     title = {Decision-Making under Time Pressure when Rescheduling Daily Activities},
     author = {ZHAO, Hui and MUALLA, Yazan and GALLAND, St\'ephane and TCHAPPI HAMAN, Igor and BELLEMANS, Tom and YASAR, Ansar-Ul-Haque}
   }
   

3. LOMBARD, L., Alexandre an DURAND, & GALLAND, S. (2020, May). Velocity Obstacle Based Strategy for Multi-agent Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. 2nd International Workshop on Internet of Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles (IAUV20).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Unmanned Aerials Vehicles (UAVs), most known as drones, recently gained a lot of interest in several domains of civil applications. With the number of operating drones expected to quickly rise in the next few years comes the need to develop efficient collision avoidance solutions. To ensure the applicability of the collision avoidance solutions, given the limitations of UAVs, they must rely on a reliable source of information, and must be computationally efficient. This paper aims at providing an implementation of the Velocity Obstacle collision avoidance method, based on the information transmitted by the other UAVs. Multi-agent based simulations using the simulation software AirSim and the multi-agent platform SARL are proposed to assess the validity of the proposed solution.

   @inproceedings{sarl2020,
     booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Internet of Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles (IAUV20)},
     keywords = {Unmanned aerial vehicles, collision avoidance, multi-agent systems},
     month = may,
     year = {2020},
     title = {Velocity Obstacle Based Strategy for Multi-agent Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
     author = {LOMBARD, Alexandre an DURAND, Lilian and GALLAND, St\'ephane}
   }
   

4. NGOUNOU NTOUKAM, E. D., KAMGANG, J.-C., KAMLA, V. C., MUALLA, Y., TCHAPPI HAMAN, I., GALLAND, S., & EMVUDU WONO, Y. S. (2020, May). Agent-Based Model of Cocoa Mirids at the Scale of a Cocoa Farm. 4th International Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL-20), Procedia Computer Science.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Cocoa beans are vital for the chocolate industries, with some African countries (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon) currently having 72% of the worldwide cocoa production. However, cocoa cultivation faces many threats such as diseases and insects. The most damaging insect that attacks cocoa plant in West Africa is the mirid. The previous works on the mirids accentuate their attention on the macroscopic view of the mirids. Considering the complexity of the environment where mirids live, it is difficult to properly understand the mirids’ dynamics without considering the individual behaviors of the mirids population. The representation of the mirids’ dynamics enables the ability to test many use-case scenarios. To this end, Multi-agent Systems are a suitable paradigm to model complex systems bringing out the interactions between individuals and their environment, along with the impact of their behavior. Therefore, we propose in this paper an agent-based model of the mirids’ dynamics in a cocoa farm. To build this model, we rely on the Agent-oriented Software Process for Engineering Complex Systems (ASPECS) process.

   @inproceedings{sarl2021,
     booktitle = {4th International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL-20), Procedia Computer Science},
     keywords = {Mirid; Agent-based modeling; Cocoa tree; ASPECS process},
     month = may,
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2020},
     title = {Agent-Based Model of Cocoa Mirids at the Scale of a Cocoa Farm},
     author = {NGOUNOU NTOUKAM, Emmanuel Dimitry and KAMGANG, Jean-Claude and KAMLA, Vivient Corneille and MUALLA, Yazan and TCHAPPI HAMAN, Igor and GALLAND, St\'ephane and EMVUDU WONO, Yves S\'ebastien}
   }
   

5. Galland, S., Rodriguez, S., & Gaud, N. (2020). Run-time Environment for the SARL Agent-Programming Language: the Example of the Janus platform. International Journal on Future Generation Computer Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.10.020
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   SARL is a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language. This language aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interaction, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfiguration that are usually considered as essential for implementing agent-based applications. Every programming language specifies an execution model. For SARL, this run-time model is supported by a SARL run- time environment. The goals of this paper are to highlight the key principles for creating a SARL run-time environment, and its concrete implementation into the Janus agent platform.

   @article{fgcs2017,
     doi = {10.1016/j.future.2017.10.020},
     issn = {0167-739X},
     journal = {International Journal on Future Generation Computer Systems},
     keywords = {SARL agent-programming language, Run-time Environment, Janus platform},
     language = {english},
     month = oct,
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2020},
     title = {Run-time Environment for the {SARL} Agent-Programming Language: the Example of the Janus platform},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas}
   }
   

2019

1. GALLAND, S., MUALLA, Y., TCHAPPI HAMAN, I., ZHAO, H., RODRIGUEZ, S., NAJJAR, A., & GAUD, N. (2019). Model Transformations from the SARL Agent-Oriented Programming Language to an Object-Oriented Programming Language. International Journal on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAOSE.2019.106458
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   SARL is a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language. This language aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interaction, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfiguration that are usually considered essential for implementing agent-based applications. Every programming language specifies an execution model. In the case of SARL, this execution model is defined based on the object- oriented paradigm, i.e. the run-time environment is written in Java. Accordingly, and by default, the SARL programs are transformed into their equivalent object- oriented programs written in Java. The goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to explain the mapping between the agent-oriented paradigm and the object-oriented paradigm. Secondly, to define transformations from the SARL constructs to the Java constructs. We advocate that these goals enable the SARL developers to understand the SARL statements, and the mapping to the equivalent executable entities.

   @article{ijaose2019,
     issn = {0974-0635},
     journal = {International Journal on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering},
     keywords = {Agent-Oriented Paradigm; Object-Oriented Paradigm; Language Transformation; SARL; Java},
     month = dec,
     note = {Rank: Q2},
     doi = {10.1504/IJAOSE.2019.106458},
     volume = {1--38},
     year = {2019},
     title = {Model Transformations from the SARL Agent-Oriented Programming Language to an Object-Oriented Programming Language},
     author = {GALLAND, St\'ephane and MUALLA, Yazan and TCHAPPI HAMAN, Igor and ZHAO, Hui and RODRIGUEZ, Sebastian and NAJJAR, Amro and GAUD, Nicolas}
   }
   

2. Galland, S., & Rodriguez, S. (2019). Semantic Transformation from SARL Agent-oriented Statements to Java Object-oriented Statements. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 17(2), 139–153. http://ceser.in/ceserp/index.php/ijai/article/view/6259
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   As a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language, SARL aims at providing the fundamental abstractions that are usually considered as essential for implementing agent-based applications. Every programming language specifies an execution model. In the case of SARL, this execution model is defined based upon the object-oriented paradigm, i.e. a Java-based run-time environment. The goal of this paper is the explanation of the mapping between the agent paradigm and the object-oriented paradigm, and the definition of transformations from the SARL constructs to the object-oriented constructs. They enable the SARL developer understanding the SARL statements, and the mapping to executable entities.

   @article{ijai2019,
     issn = {0974-0635},
     journal = {International Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
     keywords = {Agent-oriented Paradigm; Object-oriented Paradigm; Language Transformation; SARL},
     month = oct,
     note = {Rank: Q2},
     number = {2},
     pages = {139-153},
     publisher = {Centre for Environment {\&} Socio-Economic Research Publication},
     url = {http://ceser.in/ceserp/index.php/ijai/article/view/6259},
     volume = {17},
     year = {2019},
     title = {Semantic Transformation from {SARL} Agent-oriented Statements to Java Object-oriented Statements},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Rodriguez, Sebastian}
   }
   

3. Modèle dynamique et multiniveau holonique basé sur la densité: application au trafic routier à grande échelle. (2019). Journées Francophones Sur Les Systèmes Multiagents (JFSMA19), Toulouse, France, 136–145. https://www.irit.fr/pfia2019/jfsma/
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   De nos jours, avec l’émergence d’objets et de voitures connectés, les systèmes de trafic deviennent de plus en plus complexes et présentent des comportements hiérarchiques à plusieurs niveaux d’observation. La plupart des modèles de simulation multiniveaux utilisent un ensemble de niveaux prédéfinis. La commutation dynamique des niveaux lors de l’exécution de la simulation permet d’adapter le modèle aux contraintes liées à la qualité des résultats ou aux ressources de calcul disponibles. Cet article présente un nouveau modèle multiniveau basé sur la densité pour la gestion dynamique d’une holarchie représentant un système de trafic. La proposition étend l’algorithme DBSCAN dans le contexte des systèmes multi-agents holonique. Une méthode de commutation dynamique entre les différents niveaux d’abstractions est proposée. À cette fin, des indicateurs multiniveaux basés sur l’écart type sont proposés afin d’évaluer la cohérence des résultats de la simulation. Le modèle proposé est testé avec le modèle de poursuite de voiture Intelligent Driver Model.

   @inproceedings{jfsma2019,
     address = {Toulouse, France},
     booktitle = {Journ{\'e}es Francophones sur les Syst{\`e}mes Multiagents (JFSMA19), Toulouse, France},
     keywords = {Syst{\`e}me MultiAgent Holonique, Mod{\'e}lisation et simulation multiniveau, DBSCAN, Trafic},
     language = {french},
     month = jul,
     organization = {PFIA-19},
     pages = {136-145},
     publisher = {Association Francaise d'Intelligence Artificielle},
     url = {https://www.irit.fr/pfia2019/jfsma/},
     year = {2019},
     title = {Mod{\`e}le dynamique et multiniveau holonique bas{\'e} sur la densit{\'e}: application au trafic routier {\`a} grande {\'e}chelle},
     author = {}
   }
   

2018

1. Galland, S., & Rodriguez, S. (2018, December). Transformations from the SARL agent-oriented language to the Java object-oriented language. International Conference on Modern Intelligent Systems Concepts.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   SARL is a general-purpose agent-oriented program- ming language. This language aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interac- tion, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfig- uration that are usually considered as essential for implementing agent- based applications. Every programming language specifies an execution model. In the case of SARL, this execution model is defined based upon the object-oriented paradigm, e.g. a run-time environment written with Java. Accordingly, and by default, the SARL programs are transformed into their equivalent object- oriented programs. The goal of this paper is the explanation of the mapping between the agent paradigm and the object- oriented paradigm, and the definition of transformations from the SARL constructs to the standard object-oriented constructs. They enable the SARL developer understanding the SARL statements, and the mapping to executable entities. The transformations in this paper could also serve as the basis for creating a compiler ex- tension for targeting any object-oriented programming language.

   @inproceedings{misc2018,
     address = {Rabat, Morocco},
     booktitle = {International Conference on Modern Intelligent Systems Concepts},
     keywords = {Agent-oriented Paradigm; Paradigm; Language Transformation; SARL Object-oriented},
     language = {english},
     month = dec,
     year = {2018},
     title = {Transformations from the {SARL} agent-oriented language to the Java object-oriented language},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Rodriguez, Sebastian}
   }
   

2. Mualla, Y., Bai, W., Galland, S., & Nicolle, C. (2018). Comparison of Agent-based Simulation Frameworks for Unmanned Aerial Transportation Applications. Procedia Computer Science, 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.137
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Recently, the applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in aerial transportation are gaining more interest. Due to operational costs, safety concerns and legal regulations, agent- based simulation frameworks are preferably used to implement models and conduct tests. With the abundance of such frameworks, this paper introduces a methodology to compare the most widely used frameworks. The methodology is based on the ISO software quality model, and uses a weighted sum scoring system to give points to the frameworks understudy. The used criteria in the methodology consider agent- based simulation features and adapt specific features of unmanned aerial transportation. Preliminary comparison results and recommendations are provided and discussed.

   @inproceedings{pcs2018,
     booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science},
     doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.137},
     keywords = {Agent-based Simulation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Unmanned Aerial Transportation, Software Quality Model, Frameworks Comparison},
     language = {english},
     month = may,
     pages = {791-796},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091830499X},
     year = {2018},
     title = {Comparison of Agent-based Simulation Frameworks for Unmanned Aerial Transportation Applications},
     author = {Mualla, Yazan and Bai, Wenshuai and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Nicolle, Christophe}
   }
   

3. Holonification Model for a Multilevel Agent-based System. Application to Road Traffic. (2018). Int. Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Organizational models and holonic multi-agent systems are growing as a powerful tool for modeling and developing large-scale complex system. The main issue in deploying holonic multiagent systems is the building of the holonic model called holarchy. This paper presents a novel density approach to cluster and hierarchize population in order to build the initial holarchy. The proposal extends DBSCAN algorithm. Moreover, multilevel indicators based on standard deviation are proposed in order to evaluate the consistency of the holonification process. The proposed model is tested in a road traffic modeling in order to build the initial holarchy. The paper presents also the main research direction towards the control of internal and external stimuli of traffic over time.

   @article{ijpuc2018,
     journal = {Int. Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
     keywords = {DBSCAN, Holonic Multiagent System, Road Traffic, Multilevel Model, Initial Holarchy},
     language = {english},
     month = dec,
     publisher = {Springer},
     year = {2018},
     title = {Holonification Model for a Multilevel Agent-based System. Application to Road Traffic},
     author = {}
   }
   

4. Holonification of Road Traffic based on Graph Theory. (2018, September). 13th International Conference Cellular Automata for Research and Industry (ACRI18), the 5th Workshop on Traffic and Cellular Automata (TCA18).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Organizational models and holonic multi-agent systems are growing as a powerful tool for modeling and developing large-scale com- plex system. The main issue in deploying holonic multiagent systems is the building of the holonic model called holarchy. This paper presents a novel top down approach based on graph theory in order to build recur- sively the initial holarchy of road traffic. Moreover, multilevel indicators based on standard deviation is proposed in order to evaluate the consis- tency of the holonification process.

   @inproceedings{acri2018,
     booktitle = {13th International Conference Cellular Automata for Research and Industry (ACRI18), the 5th Workshop on Traffic and Cellular Automata (TCA18)},
     keywords = {Graph theory; Holonic Multiagent System; Road Traffic; Multi- level Model},
     language = {english},
     month = sep,
     note = {Lectures Notes in Computer Science},
     year = {2018},
     title = {Holonification of Road Traffic based on Graph Theory},
     author = {}
   }
   

2017

1. Galland, S., Yasar, A.-ul-haque, Shakshuki, E., & Gaud, N. (2017). Helping the Performance Evaluation of an Agent Run-time Framework: the SARL Experience Index. The 14th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing (MobiSPC 2017), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.073
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   The performance evaluation of an agent platform is central in the agent-based modeling field. This performance is influenced by the agent platform modules, and by the hardware and operating system modules, including any virtual machine. The impact of these hardware and operating system modules should be understood and evaluated due to there high impact on the global performances. In this paper, we propose the scoring approach, named SARL Experience Index in order to evaluate these two components. The score is based on CPU, memory and disk sub-scores. We advocate this score may be helpful for the agent platform users for determining quickly the positive or negative impacts of a new deployment platform for an agent framework.

   @inproceedings{mobispc17,
     address = {Leuven, Belgium},
     booktitle = {the 14th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing (MobiSPC 2017)},
     keywords = {Agent platform, Evaluation, Platform Independent, SARL},
     language = {english},
     month = jul,
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2017},
     title = {Helping the Performance Evaluation of an Agent Run-time Framework: the {SARL} Experience Index},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Yasar, Ansar-ul-haque and Shakshuki, Elhadi and Gaud, Nicolas},
     pages = {159--166},
     doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.073}
   }
   

2. Cich, G., Galland, S., Knapen, L., Yasar, A.-ul-haque, Bellemans, T., & Janssens, D. (2017, June). Addressing the Challenges of Conservative Event Synchronization for the SARL Agent-Programming Language. The 15th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Synchronization mechanism is a key component of an agent-based simulation model and platform. Conservative and optimistic models were proposed in the domain of distributed and parallel simulation. However, the SARL agent-programming language is not equipped with specific simulation features, including synchronization mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to propose a conservative synchronization model for the SARL language and its run-time platform Janus.

   @inproceedings{paams17,
     booktitle = {the 15th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
     keywords = {Multi-agent simulation, Conservative Event Synchroniza- tion, SARL agent programming language, Janus platform},
     language = {english},
     month = jun,
     publisher = {Springer},
     year = {2017},
     title = {Addressing the Challenges of Conservative Event Synchronization for the {SARL} Agent-Programming Language},
     author = {Cich, Glenn and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Knapen, Luk and Yasar, Ansar-ul-haque and Bellemans, Tom and Janssens, Davy}
   }
   

3. Tchappi Haman, I., Kamla, V. corneille, Galland, S., & Kamgang, J.-C. (2017, February). Towards an Multilevel Agent-based Model for Traffic Simulation. The 6th International Workshop on Agent-Based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS’17).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Large scale road traffic is a complex system that could be modelled with a multilevel approach. Most of the multilevel models from the literature have fixed a priori level of details (micro-meso, micro- macro, meso-macro). This paper has two goals: it presents the state of the art related to large scale traffic models, and it gives the main research direction to create a novel multilevel model that support dynamic selection of the level during the simulation. Our proposal is based on an organizational modelling approach and the use of the concept of holon (agent composed of agents).

   @inproceedings{abmtrans17,
     booktitle = {the 6th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS'17)},
     keywords = {agent based modeling, large scale, traffic, organisational model, multilevel model, holon},
     language = {english},
     month = feb,
     publisher = {Springer},
     year = {2017},
     title = {Towards an Multilevel Agent-based Model for Traffic Simulation},
     author = {Tchappi Haman, Igor and Kamla, Vivient corneille and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Kamgang, Jean-Claude}
   }
   

4. Feraud, M., & Galland, S. (2017, May). First Comparison of SARL to Other Agent-Programming Languages and Frameworks. International Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   This paper proposes a first comparison of different agent-oriented programming languages, including the SARL agent-programming language. The study of those tools is based upon various criteria that are defining the essential aspects of multi-agent systems. For the sake of clarity, the comparative study is presented in a tabular form, including the languages and all the criteria. For each criterion, a definition is made to understand its meaning. At the end of the article, all the languages will be described in order to define their advantages and disadvantages.

   @inproceedings{sarlws17,
     booktitle = {International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017)},
     keywords = {Multi-Agent System, Programming Language, Language Comparison, SARL},
     language = {english},
     month = may,
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2017},
     title = {First Comparison of {SARL} to Other Agent-Programming Languages and Frameworks},
     author = {Feraud, Maxime and Galland, St{\'e}phane}
   }
   

5. Cich, G., Knapen, L., Maciejewski, A.-U.-H., Michał Yasar, Bellemans, T., & Janssens, D. (2017, May). Modeling Demand Responsive Transport using SARL and MATSim. International Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017).
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{sarlws17b,
     booktitle = {International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017)},
     language = {english},
     month = may,
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2017},
     title = {Modeling Demand Responsive Transport using SARL and MATSim},
     author = {Cich, Glenn and Knapen, Luk and Maciejewski, Michał Yasar, Ansar-Ul-Haque and Bellemans, Tom and Janssens, Davy}
   }
   

2016

1. Cich, G., Knapen, L., Galland, S., Vuurstaek, J., Neven, A., & Bellemans, T. (2016, February). Towards an Agent-based Model for Demand-Responsive Transport Serving Thin Flows. The 5th International Workshop on Agent-Based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS 2016).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Low volume traveler flows cause problems for public transportation (PT) providers. The Smart- PT project aims to find out how such flows can be combined to increase the service provider viability. The capability to conceive multi-modal trips is fundamental in that context and is modeled by the Trip Sequence Composer (TSC) concept. A TSC is an essential component of the traveler’s brain, of the customer support operated by collective transport providers, of trip advisers in websites etc. We present a simulation model design to evaluate the effect of cooperating TSCs on the viability of demand responsive collective transport providers. While obeying specific regulations, specialized services targeting mobility impaired people can also serve regular requests in order to save fleet and personnel costs.

   @inproceedings{abmtrans16,
     booktitle = {the 5th International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS 2016)},
     keywords = {Demand-Responsive Transport, Thin Flows, Micro- Simulation, Agent-Based Modeling, Organizational Modeling},
     language = {english},
     month = feb,
     publisher = {Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier},
     year = {2016},
     title = {Towards an Agent-based Model for Demand-Responsive Transport Serving Thin Flows},
     author = {Cich, Glenn and Knapen, Luk and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Vuurstaek, Jan and Neven, An and Bellemans, Tom}
   }
   

2015

1. Florin Leon, M. G., Marcin Paprzycki. (2015). A Review of Agent Platforms (ICT COST Action IC1404; Number ICT COST Action IC1404). Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania; Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. http://florinleon.byethost24.com/cost_ic1404/agent_platforms.htm?ckattempt=2
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   This work has been performed within the ICT COST Action IC1404, Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems (MPM4CPS).

   @techreport{mpm4cps015,
     author = {Florin Leon, Marcin Paprzycki, Maria Ganzha},
     title = {A Review of Agent Platforms},
     number = {{ICT COST Action IC1404}},
     institution = {Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania; Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland},
     month = nov,
     year = {2015},
     url = {http://florinleon.byethost24.com/cost_ic1404/agent_platforms.htm?ckattempt=2}
   }
   

2. Rodriguez, S., Galland, S., & Gaud, N. (2015). A New Perspective on Multi-Agent Environment with SARL. International Workshop on Communication for Humans, Agents, Robots, Machines and Sensors, 526–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.246
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   The environment is now considered as a first class abstraction in multiagent systems. However, the boundary between real and simulated environment and the application logic is not so well defined. Depending on applications, the environment as a space shared between agents may integrate physical, communication or social dimensions where agents interact. In this paper, authors introduce a new view for structuring the notion of environment in a multiagent systems using the fundamental concepts provided by the SARL programming language.

   @inproceedings{harms2015,
     address = {Belfort, France},
     booktitle = {International Workshop on Communication for Humans, Agents, Robots, Machines and Sensors},
     doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.246},
     issn = {1877-0509},
     keywords = {Multiagent systems, Environment, Interaction, Programming language},
     month = aug,
     note = {Best Paper Award},
     organization = {Procedia Computer Science},
     pages = {526--531},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     year = {2015},
     title = {A New Perspective on Multi-Agent Environment with {SARL}},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas}
   }
   

3. Galland, S., Balbo, F., Gaud, N., Rodriguez, S., Picard, G., & Boissier, O. (2015). A multidimensional environment implementation for enhancing agent interaction. In R. Bordini & E. Elkind (Eds.), Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS15).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   The environment, as a space shared between agents, is a key component of multiagent systems (MAS). Depending on systems, this space may integrate physical, communication or social dimensions. Each of them has its own process and rules to support agents’ interaction. For instance, in the physical dimension, the rules may be based on the agents’ location. The agents’ interaction is then contextualized and the environment allows a multiagent control since it performs the interactions according to the state and rules of the MAS. The dimensions of the environment are generally connected either in an application dependent adhoc way outside of the agents or within each agent. In order to ensure a multiagent control, the relations between dimensions must be explicit outside of the agents. Using these relations between the environment dimensions, the interaction becomes also multi-dimensional. In this paper we propose to formalize rules and mechanisms to make this connection outside of the agents and in a generic way.

   @inproceedings{aamas2015,
     address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
     booktitle = {Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS15)},
     editor = {Bordini, Rafael and Elkind, Edith},
     keywords = {Agent-based simulation::Complex systems; Agent- based simulation::Simulation techniques, tools and environments},
     language = {english},
     month = may,
     year = {2015},
     title = {A multidimensional environment implementation for enhancing agent interaction},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Balbo, Flavien and Gaud, Nicolas and Rodriguez, Sebastian and Picard, Gauthier and Boissier, Olivier}
   }
   

4. Galland, S., Balbo, F., Gaud, N., Rodriguez, S., Picard, G., & Boissier, O. (2015). Contextualize Agent Interactions by Combining Social and Physical Dimensions in the Environment. In Y. Demazeau & K. Decker (Eds.), 13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (PAAMS).
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   The environment, as a space shared between agents, is a key component of multiagent systems (MAS). Depending on systems, this space may integrate physical, communication or social dimensions. Each of them has its own process and rules to support agents’ interaction. The dimensions of the environment are generally connected either outside of the agents or within each agent, according to the target application. In order to ensure a multiagent control, the relations between dimensions must be explicit outside of the agents. Using these relations between the environment dimensions, the interaction becomes also multi-dimensional. In this paper, rules and mechanisms to make this connection outside of the agents are formalized. The model connects the physical and social dimensions to realize contextualized interactions. It is implemented using the SARL multiagent programming language, and illustrated with an urban traffic simulation.

   @inproceedings{paams2015,
     booktitle = {13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (PAAMS)},
     editor = {Demazeau, Yves and Decker, Keith},
     keywords = {Environment modeling; Simulation; Programming languages for agents and multi-agent systems; Smart cities},
     language = {english},
     month = jun,
     year = {2015},
     title = {Contextualize Agent Interactions by Combining Social and Physical Dimensions in the Environment},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Balbo, Flavien and Gaud, Nicolas and Rodriguez, Sebastian and Picard, Gauthier and Boissier, Olivier}
   }
   

2014

1. Galland, S., Gaud, N., Rodriguez, S., Balbo, F., Picard, G., & Boissier, O. (2014). Contextualiser l’interaction entre agents en combinant dimensions sociale et physique au sein de l’environnement. In R. Courdier & J.-P. Jamont (Eds.), Les 22èmes Journées Francophones sur les Systèmes Multi-Agents (pp. 65–74). Cépaduès Éditions.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   L’environnement, en tant qu’espace partagé entre agents, est un élément essentiel des systèmes multiagents. Selon les systèmes, cet espace intègre des dimensions différentes comme une dimension physique support à l’ancrage spatial et à l’activité des agents sur cette dimension, ou une dimension sociale support aux communications entre agents. Ces dimensions sont souvent traitées de manière indépendante et ne sont reliées qu’au sein de l’agent qui constitue alors le lieu de jonction et de combinaison des informations véhiculées dans ces différentes dimensions. Il s’avère cependant que la combinaison entre ces dimensions est à considérer également en dehors des agents, pour pouvoir par exemple, situer des communications. Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle unifié supportant la combinaison des dimensions physiques et sociales pour la mise en \oeuvre d’interactions contextualisées entre agents. Ce modèle est développé avec le langage multiagent SARL. Nous illustrons cette proposition par une application de simulation de trafic routier dans la ville de Belfort.

   @inproceedings{jfsma2014,
     author = {Galland, St\'ephane and Gaud, Nicolas and Rodriguez, Sebastian and Balbo, Flavien and Picard, Gauthier and Boissier, Olivier},
     keywords = {Environnement support \`a l'interaction, Environnement physique, Environnement Social, Langage de programmation, Trafic routier},
     title = {Contextualiser l'interaction entre agents en combinant dimensions sociale et physique au sein de l'environnement},
     booktitle = {Les 22\`emes Journ\'ees Francophones sur les Syst\`emes Multi-Agents},
     year = {2014},
     publisher = {C\'epadu\`es \'Editions},
     pages = {65--74},
     isbn = {978-2-36493-154-1},
     editor = {Courdier, R\'emy and Jamont, Jean-Paul},
     address = {Loriol-sur-Dr\^ome, France},
     note = {Best Paper Award}
   }
   

2. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., & Galland, S. (2014). SARL: a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language. The 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Complex software systems development require appropriate high-level features to better and easily tackle the new requirements in terms of interactions, concurrency and distribution. This requires a paradigm change in software engineering and corresponding programming languages. We are convinced that agent-oriented programming may be the support for this change by focusing on a small corpus of commonly accepted concepts and the corresponding programming language in line with the current developers’ programming practices. This papers introduces SARL, a new general-purpose agent-oriented programming language undertaking this challenge. SARL comes with its full support in the Eclipse IDE for compilation and debugging, and a new version 2.0 of the Janus platform for execution purposes. The main perspective that guided the creation of SARL is the establishment of an open and easily extensible language. Our expectation is to provide the community with a common forum in terms of a first working testbed to study and compare various programming alternatives and associated metamodels.

   @inproceedings{iat2014,
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St\'ephane},
     keywords = {Agent Programming Languages, {SARL}},
     title = {{SARL:} a general-purpose agent-oriented programming language},
     booktitle = {the 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology},
     year = {2014},
     publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Society Press},
     address = {Warsaw, Poland}
   }
   

3. Presentations and Talks

2023

1. Galland, S. (2023). Agent Oriented Modeling and Programming : the case of SARL programming language. University of Turino.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Multi-agent system is a modeling and programming that is coming from the distributed artificial intelligence field. This type of system is able to support the modeling of complex systems in which multiple atomic entities are interacting together in order to reach a common goal. SARL (http://www.sarl.io) is a general-purpose agent-oriented language. It aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interaction, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfiguration. These high-level features are now considered as the major requirements for an easy and practical implementation of modern complex software applications, and specifically agent-oriented programming. This talk will introduce you to the advances of the SARL agent programming languages, and provides several examples of usages.

   @misc{turino2023,
     howpublished = {University of Turino},
     keywords = {Agent programming languange, SARL},
     language = {english},
     month = sep,
     year = {2023},
     title = {Agent Oriented Modeling and Programming : the case of SARL programming language},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane}
   }
   

2019

1. Galland, S. (2019). Agent Oriented Modeling and Programming : the case of SARL programming language. Shanghai University.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Multi-agent system is a modeling and programming that is coming from the distributed artificial intelligence field. This type of system is able to support the modeling of complex systems in which multiple atomic entities are interacting together in order to reach a common goal. SARL (http://www.sarl.io) is a general-purpose agent-oriented language. It aims at providing the fundamental abstractions for dealing with concurrency, distribution, interaction, decentralization, reactivity, autonomy and dynamic reconfiguration. These high-level features are now considered as the major requirements for an easy and practical implementation of modern complex software applications, and specifically agent-oriented programming. This talk will introduce you to the advances of the SARL agent programming languages, and provides several examples of usages.

   @misc{shu2019,
     howpublished = {Shanghai University},
     keywords = {Agent programming languange, SARL},
     language = {english},
     month = sep,
     year = {2019},
     title = {Agent Oriented Modeling and Programming : the case of SARL programming language},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane}
   }
   

2. Lombard, A., Mualla, Y., Galland, S., & Buisson, J. (2019, May). Sofware Architecture for Drone Simulation in 3D. First European Forum for the SARL Users and Developers (EuSarlCon 2019). http://www.multiagent.fr/Conferences:EuSarlCon19
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{eusarlcon2019a,
     address = {Leuven, Belgium},
     booktitle = {First European Forum for the SARL Users and Developers (EuSarlCon 2019)},
     month = may,
     url = {http://www.multiagent.fr/Conferences:EuSarlCon19},
     year = {2019},
     title = {Sofware Architecture for Drone Simulation in {3D}},
     author = {Lombard, Alexandre and Mualla, Yazan and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Buisson, Jocelyn}
   }
   

3. Buisson, J., Mualla, Y., Lombard, A., & Galland, S. (2019, May). Traffic Simulation with SARL. First European Forum for the SARL Users and Developers (EuSarlCon19). http://www.multiagent.fr/Conferences:EuSarlCon19
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{eusarlcon2019b,
     booktitle = {First European Forum for the SARL Users and Developers (EuSarlCon19)},
     month = may,
     url = {http://www.multiagent.fr/Conferences:EuSarlCon19},
     year = {2019},
     title = {Traffic Simulation with {SARL}},
     author = {Buisson, Jocelyn and Mualla, Yazan and Lombard, Alexandre and Galland, St{\'e}phane}
   }
   

2017

1. Matson, E. (2017). Building a HARMS Implementation Model Using SARL. International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017).
   • BibTeX

   @misc{sarl2017matson,
     title = {Building a {HARMS} Implementation Model Using {SARL}},
     author = {Matson, Eric},
     howpublished = {International Workshop on Agent-based Modeling and Applications with SARL (SARL 2017)},
     address = {Madeira, Portugal},
     month = may,
     year = {2017},
     note = {Invited Speaker}
   }
   

2016

1. Galland, S. (2016). SARL agent programming language. LE2I Seminar. http://www.multiagent.fr/Seminars
   • BibTeX

   @misc{sarl2015mts,
     title = {{SARL} agent programming language},
     author = {Galland, St\'ephane},
     howpublished = {{LE2I} Seminar},
     address = {Belfort-Montb\'eliard University of Technology, France},
     month = mar,
     year = {2016},
     url = {{http://www.multiagent.fr/Seminars}}
   }
   

2015

1. Galland, S. (2015). Multi-agent systems and agent-based simulation. From theory to transport application. Summer School on Mobility-Management, Traffic-Safety and Simulations. http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/IMOB-EN/IMOB-EN-Summer-School-2015.html
   • BibTeX

   @misc{sarl2015mtt,
     title = {Multi-agent systems and agent-based simulation. From theory to transport application.},
     author = {Galland, St\'ephane},
     howpublished = {Summer School on Mobility-Management, Traffic-Safety and Simulations},
     address = {University of Hasselt, Belgium},
     month = jul,
     year = {2015},
     url = {{http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/IMOB-EN/IMOB-EN-Summer-School-2015.html}}
   }
   

2014

1. Galland, S. (2014). Programming Agents with SARL and Janus for the Transport Simulation. DATASIM Summer School. http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/datasim/Summer-School-2014/Summer-School-2014-Programme.html
   • BibTeX

   @misc{sarl2014datasim,
     title = {Programming Agents with {SARL} and {Janus} for the Transport Simulation},
     author = {Galland, St\'ephane},
     howpublished = {{DATASIM} Summer School},
     address = {University of Hasselt, Belgium},
     month = jul,
     year = {2014},
     url = {{http://www.uhasselt.be/UH/datasim/Summer-School-2014/Summer-School-2014-Programme.html}}
   }
   

2. Galland, S., Gaud, N., & Rodriguez, S. (2014). Agent-Oriented Programming Language for Mobility and Transport Sciences.
   • BibTeX

   @misc{sarl2014imob,
     title = {Agent-Oriented Programming Language for Mobility and Transport Sciences},
     author = {Galland, St\'ephane and Gaud, Nicolas and Rodriguez, Sebastian},
     address = {Institute for Mobility, University of Hasselt, Belgium},
     month = jun,
     year = {2014}
   }
   

3. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., & Galland, S. (2014). SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language.
   • BibTeX
   • Download

   @misc{sarl2014frtutn,
     title = {SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St\'ephane},
     address = {Facultad Regional Tucumán, Universidad Tecnologica Nacional -- Tucumán, Argentina},
     month = jun,
     year = {2014}
   }
   

4. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., & Galland, S. (2014). SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language.
   • BibTeX
   • Download

   @misc{sarl2014ufsc,
     title = {SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St\'ephane},
     address = {Universide Federal de Santa Catarina -- Florianopolis, Brazil},
     month = may,
     year = {2014}
   }
   

5. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., & Galland, S. (2014). SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language.
   • BibTeX
   • Download

   @misc{sarl2014iscod,
     title = {SARL: Agent Oriented Programming Language},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St\'ephane},
     address = {ISCOD / LSTI, Institut Henri Fayol -- Saint \'etienne, France},
     month = feb,
     year = {2014}
   }
   

4. Publications before 2014

1. Rodriguez, S. (2005). From Analysis to Design of Holonic Multi-Agent Systems: a Framework, Methodological Guidelines and Applications [PhD thesis]. Technology University of Belfort-Montbéliard.
   • BibTeX

   @phdthesis{rodrigues.thesis05,
     title = {From Analysis to Design of Holonic Multi-Agent Systems: a Framework, Methodological Guidelines and Applications},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian},
     school = {Technology University of Belfort-Montb\'eliard},
     address = {Belfort, France},
     year = {2005}
   }
   

2. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., Hilaire, V., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2007). An analysis and design concept for self-organization in Holonic Multi-Agent Systems. International Conference on Engineering Self-Organising Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4435, 15–27.
   • Abstract
   • BibTeX

   Holonic Multi-Agent Systems (HMAS) are a convenient way to engineer complex and open systems. HMAS are based upon selfsimilar entities, called holons, which define an organizational structure called holarchy. An open issue of HMAS is to give holons means of selforganization to satisfy their goals. Our works focus on modeling and engineering of complex systems using a holonic organizational approach. This paper introduces the concept of capacity as the description of agents know-how. This concept allows the representation and reasoning about agents know-hows. Even more, it encourages a reusable modeling and provides agents with means to self-organize.

   @inproceedings{RodriguezGaudHilaireGallandKoukam2007_19,
     booktitle = {International Conference on Engineering Self-Organising Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4435},
     isbn = {978-3-540-69867-8},
     keywords = {-},
     language = {english},
     month = jan,
     pages = {15-27},
     publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
     year = {2007},
     title = {An analysis and design concept for self-organization in Holonic Multi-Agent Systems},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Hilaire, Vincent and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

3. Gaud, N. (2007). Holonic Multi-Agent Systems: From the analysis to the implementation. Metamodel, Methodology and Multilevel simulation. [PhD thesis]. Technology University of Belfort-Montbéliard.
   • BibTeX

   @phdthesis{Gaud2007_134,
     address = {Belfort, France},
     month = dec,
     school = {Technology University of Belfort-Montb\'eliard},
     year = {2007},
     title = {Holonic Multi-Agent Systems: From the analysis to the implementation. Metamodel, Methodology and Multilevel simulation.},
     author = {Gaud, Nicolas}
   }
   

4. Gaud, N., Gechter, F., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2007). Holonic multiagent multilevel simulation : Application to real-time pedestrians simulation in urban environment. The 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI’07), 1275–1280.
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{GaudGechterGallandKoukam2007_18,
     address = {Hyderabad India},
     booktitle = {the 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'07)},
     month = jan,
     pages = {1275-1280},
     year = {2007},
     title = {Holonic multiagent multilevel simulation : Application to real-time pedestrians simulation in urban environment},
     author = {Gaud, Nicolas and Gechter, Franck and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

5. Cossentino, M., Gaud, N., Galland, S., Hilaire, V., & Koukam, A. (2007). A Holonic Metamodel for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design. In V. Marik, V. Vyatkin, & A. W. Colombo (Eds.), LNAI 4659 "Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing" (HoloMAS’07 International Conference) (pp. 237–246).
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{CossentinoGaudGallandHilaireKoukam2007_17,
     booktitle = {LNAI 4659 {"}Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing{"} (HoloMAS'07 International Conference)},
     editor = {Marik, V. and Vyatkin, V. and Colombo, A. W.},
     keywords = {Agent Oriented Software Engineering, Holonic Modeling, Methodology, Holonic multiagent systems},
     month = sep,
     pages = {237-246},
     year = {2007},
     title = {A Holonic Metamodel for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design},
     author = {Cossentino, Massimo and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Hilaire, Vincent and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

6. Rodriguez, S., Gaud, N., Hilaire, V., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2007). An analysis and design concept for self-organization in Holonic Multi-Agent Systems. International Conference on Engineering Self-Organising Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4435, 15–27.
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{RodriguezGaudHilaireGallandKoukam2007_20,
     booktitle = {International Conference on Engineering Self-Organising Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4435},
     isbn = {978-3-540-69867-8},
     month = jan,
     pages = {15-27},
     publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
     year = {2007},
     title = {An analysis and design concept for self-organization in Holonic Multi-Agent Systems},
     author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Gaud, Nicolas and Hilaire, Vincent and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

7. Galland, S., Gaud, N., & Koukam, A. (2008). Towards a Multilevel Simulation Approach Based on Holonic Multiagent Systems. The 10th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (EUROSIM-UKSIM 2008), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1109/UKSIM.2008.36
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{GallandGaudKoukam2008_3,
     booktitle = {the 10th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (EUROSIM-UKSIM 2008)},
     doi = {10.1109/UKSIM.2008.36},
     isbn = {978-0-7695-3114-4},
     month = apr,
     pages = {180-185},
     publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
     year = {2008},
     title = {Towards a Multilevel Simulation Approach Based on Holonic Multiagent Systems},
     author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

8. Gaud, N., Galland, S., Gechter, F., Hilaire, V., & Koukam, A. (2008). Holonic multilevel simulation of complex systems: Application to real-time pedestrians simulation in virtual urban environment. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 16(10), 1659–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2008.08.015
   • BibTeX

   @article{GaudGallandGechterHilaireKoukam2008_2,
     doi = {10.1016/j.simpat.2008.08.015},
     journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
     month = nov,
     number = {10},
     pages = {1659-1676},
     volume = {16},
     year = {2008},
     title = {Holonic multilevel simulation of complex systems: Application to real-time pedestrians simulation in virtual urban environment},
     author = {Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gechter, Franck and Hilaire, Vincent and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
   }
   

9. Molesini, A., Denti, E., Nardini, E., & Omicini, A. (2009). Situated Process Engineering for Integrating Processes from Methodologies to Infrastructures. Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC’09), 699–706.
   • BibTeX

   @inproceedings{Molesni2009,
     booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC'09)},
     pages = {699--706},
     publisher = {{ACM}},
     address = {New York, NY},
     year = {2009},
     title = {Situated Process Engineering for Integrating Processes from Methodologies to Infrastructures},
     author = {Molesini, A. and Denti, E. and Nardini, E. and Omicini, A.}
   }
   

10. Galland, S., Gaud, N., Demange, J., & Koukam, A. (2009, December). Environment Model for Multiagent-Based Simulation of 3D Urban Systems. The 7th European Workshop on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS09).
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{GallandGaudDemangeKoukam2009_11,
      address = {Ayia Napa, Cyprus},
      booktitle = {the 7th European Workshop on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS09)},
      month = dec,
      note = {Paper 36},
      year = {2009},
      title = {Environment Model for Multiagent-Based Simulation of {3D} Urban Systems},
      author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas and Demange, Jonathan and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

11. Demange, J., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2010). Analysis and Design of Multi-Level Virtual Indoor Environment. Int. Journal Systemics and Informatics World Network, 10, 145–152.
    • BibTeX

    @article{DemangeGallandKoukam2010_4,
      issn = {2044-7272},
      journal = {Int. Journal Systemics and Informatics World Network},
      month = jul,
      pages = {145-152},
      volume = {10},
      year = {2010},
      title = {Analysis and Design of Multi-Level Virtual Indoor Environment},
      author = {Demange, Jonathan and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

12. Cossentino, M., Hilaire, V., & Koukam, A. (2010). Holons for Analysis, Modelling and Simulation of Complex Systems. European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics News, 81, 40–41.
    • BibTeX

    @article{CossentinoHilaireKoukam2010_171,
      journal = {European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics news},
      month = oct,
      number = {81},
      pages = {40-41},
      year = {2010},
      title = {Holons for Analysis, Modelling and Simulation of Complex Systems},
      author = {Cossentino, Massimo and Hilaire, Vincent and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

13. Galland, S., Gaud, N., Rodriguez, S., & Hilaire, V. (2010, December). Janus: Another Yet General-Purpose Multiagent Platform. The 7th Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Technical Forum (TFGAOSE-10).
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{GallandGaudRodriguezHilaire2010_20,
      address = {Paris, France},
      booktitle = {the 7th Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Technical Forum (TFGAOSE-10)},
      month = dec,
      organization = {Agent Technical Fora},
      publisher = {Agent Technical Fora},
      year = {2010},
      title = {Janus: Another Yet General-Purpose Multiagent Platform},
      author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas and Rodriguez, Sebastian and Hilaire, Vincent}
    }
    

14. Behe, F., Nicolle, C., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2011). Qualifying Building Information Models with Multi-Agent System. In J. jules Meyer, A. el fallah Seghrouchni, & A. magda Florea (Eds.), the 3rd International Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems Technology and Semantics (MASTS 2011) (pp. 309–314). Springer.
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{BeheNicolleGallandKoukam2011_167,
      address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
      booktitle = {the 3rd International Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems Technology and Semantics (MASTS 2011)},
      editor = {Meyer, John jules and Seghrouchni, Amal el fallah and Florea, Adina magda},
      isbn = {978-3-642-24012-6},
      issn = {1860-949X},
      month = oct,
      organization = {AI-MAS Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, ERRIC FP7 project},
      pages = {309-314},
      publisher = {Springer},
      year = {2011},
      title = {Qualifying Building Information Models with Multi-Agent System},
      author = {Behe, Florian and Nicolle, Christophe and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

15. Behe, F., Galland, S., Nicolle, C., & Koukam, A. (2011, October). Semantic Management of Intelligent Multi-Agents Systems in a 3D Environment. International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (KEOD11).
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{BeheGallandNicolleKoukam2011_229,
      address = {Paris, France},
      booktitle = {International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (KEOD11)},
      month = oct,
      note = {Paper 89},
      year = {2011},
      title = {Semantic Management of Intelligent Multi-Agents Systems in a 3D Environment},
      author = {Behe, Florian and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Nicolle, Christophe and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

16. Galland, S., Demange, J., & Koukam, A. (2011, July). Towards the Agentification of a Virtual Situated Environment for Urban Crowd Simulation. The Insitution of Engineering and Technology Conference on Smart and Sustainable City 2011 (ICSSC11).
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{GallandDemangeKoukam2011_106,
      address = {Shangha{\"{\i}}, China},
      booktitle = {the Insitution of Engineering and Technology Conference on Smart and Sustainable City 2011 (ICSSC11)},
      isbn = {978-1-84919-326-9},
      month = jul,
      organization = {Institute Engineering and Technology and Shanghai University},
      publisher = {Shangha{\"{\i}} University Press},
      year = {2011},
      title = {Towards the Agentification of a Virtual Situated Environment for Urban Crowd Simulation},
      author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Demange, Jonathan and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

17. Basso, G., Hilaire, V., Lauri, F., Roche, R., & Cossentino, M. (2011, November). A MAS-based simulator for the prototyping of Smart Grids. 9th European Workshop on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS11).
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{BassoHilaireLauriRocheCossentino2011_261,
      booktitle = {9th European Workshop on Multiagent Systems (EUMAS11)},
      month = nov,
      year = {2011},
      title = {A {MAS}-based simulator for the prototyping of Smart Grids},
      author = {Basso, Gillian and Hilaire, Vincent and Lauri, Fabrice and Roche, Robin and Cossentino, Massimo}
    }
    

18. Demange, J. (2012). Un modèle d’environnement pour la simulation pour la simulation multiniveau : application à la simulation de foules [PhD thesis]. Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard.
    • BibTeX

    @phdthesis{Demange2012_548,
      address = {Belfort, France},
      language = {french},
      month = dec,
      school = {Universit{\'e} de Technologie de Belfort-Montb{\'e}liard},
      year = {2012},
      title = {Un mod{\`e}le d'environnement pour la simulation pour la simulation multiniveau : application {\`a} la simulation de foules},
      author = {Demange, Jonathan}
    }
    

19. Zato, C., Villarrubia, G., Sánchez, A., Barri, I., Rubión, E., Fernández, E., Rebate, C., Cabo, J. A., Alamos, T., Sanz, J., Seco, J., Bajo, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2012). PANGEA - Platform for Automatic coNstruction of orGanizations of intElligent Agents. Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 151, 229–239.
    • BibTeX

    @article{Zato12,
      journal = {Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing},
      volume = {151},
      pages = {229--239},
      year = {2012},
      title = {{PANGEA} - Platform for Automatic coNstruction of orGanizations of intElligent Agents},
      author = {Zato, C. and Villarrubia, G. and S\'anchez, A. and Barri, I. and Rubi\'on, E. and Fern\'andez, E. and Rebate, C. and Cabo, J.A. and Alamos, T. and Sanz, J. and Seco, J. and Bajo, J. and Corchado, J.M.}
    }
    

20. Lin, Y., Hilaire, V., Gaud, N., & Koukam, A. (2012). Scrum conceptualization using K-CRIO ontology. In K. Aberer, E. Damiani, & T. Dillon (Eds.), Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis, First International Symposium, SIMPDA (pp. 1–19). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34044-4\string_11
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{LinHilaireGaudKoukam2012_372,
      address = {Campione d’Italia, Italy},
      booktitle = {Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis, First International Symposium, SIMPDA},
      doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-34044-4{\string_}11},
      editor = {Aberer, Karl and Damiani, Ernesto and Dillon, Tharam},
      isbn = {978-3-642-34043-7},
      month = jul,
      note = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing series, vol. 116},
      pages = {1-19},
      publisher = {Springer},
      year = {2012},
      title = {Scrum conceptualization using K-CRIO ontology},
      author = {Lin, Yishuai and Hilaire, Vincent and Gaud, Nicolas and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

21. Buisson, J., Galland, S., Gaud, N., Gonçalves, M., & Koukam, A. (2013). Real-time Collision Avoidance for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Simulation: a smooth and predictive approach. In A.-ul-haque Yasar & L. Knapen (Eds.), 2nd International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS13) (pp. 815–820). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.108
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{BuissonGallandGaudGoncalvesKoukam2013_559,
      address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
      booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS13)},
      doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.108},
      editor = {Yasar, Ansar-ul-haque and Knapen, Luk},
      month = jun,
      note = {Best Paper Award},
      pages = {815-820},
      publisher = {Elsevier},
      year = {2013},
      title = {Real-time Collision Avoidance for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Simulation: a smooth and predictive approach},
      author = {Buisson, Jocelyn and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Mika{\"e}l and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

22. Galland, S., Gaud, N., Yasar, A.-ul-haque, Knapen, L., Janssens, D., & Lamotte, O. (2013). Simulation Model of Carpooling with the Janus Multiagent Platform. In A.-ul-haque Yasar & L. Knapen (Eds.), 2nd International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS13) (pp. 860–866). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.115
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{GallandGaudYasarKnapenJanssensLamotte2013_560,
      address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
      booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Agent-based Mobility, Traffic and Transportation Models, Methodologies and Applications (ABMTRANS13)},
      doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.115},
      editor = {Yasar, Ansar-ul-haque and Knapen, Luk},
      month = may,
      pages = {860-866},
      publisher = {Elsevier},
      year = {2013},
      title = {Simulation Model of Carpooling with the Janus Multiagent Platform},
      author = {Galland, St{\'e}phane and Gaud, Nicolas and Yasar, Ansar-ul-haque and Knapen, Luk and Janssens, Davy and Lamotte, Olivier}
    }
    

23. Gaud, N., Galland, S., Hilaire, V., & Koukam, A. (2009). An Organizational Platform for Holonic and Multiagent Systems. In K. v. Hindriks, A. Pokahr, & S. Sardina (Eds.), 6th International Workshop ProMAS 2008, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5442 (pp. 104–119). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03278-3\string_7
    • BibTeX

    @inproceedings{GaudGallandHilaireKoukam2009_16,
      address = {Estoril, Portugal},
      booktitle = {6th International Workshop ProMAS 2008, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5442},
      doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-03278-3{\string_}7},
      editor = {Hindriks, Koen v. and Pokahr, Alexander and Sardina, Sebastian},
      month = may,
      pages = {104-119},
      publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
      year = {2009},
      title = {An Organizational Platform for Holonic and Multiagent Systems},
      author = {Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Hilaire, Vincent and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

24. Cossentino, M., Hilaire, V., Gaud, N., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2014). The ASPECS Process. In M. Cossentino, V. Hilaire, A. Molesini, & V. Seidita (Eds.), Handbook on Agent-Oriented Design Processes (pp. 65–114). Springer.
    • BibTeX

    @inbook{CossentinoHilaireGaudGallandKoukam2014_708,
      booktitle = {Handbook on Agent-Oriented Design Processes},
      chapter = {4},
      editor = {Cossentino, Massimo and Hilaire, Vincent and Molesini, Ambra and Seidita, Valeria},
      isbn = {978-3-642-39975-6},
      month = jan,
      pages = {65-114},
      publisher = {Springer},
      year = {2014},
      title = {The ASPECS Process},
      author = {Cossentino, Massimo and Hilaire, Vincent and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

25. Rodriguez, S., Hilaire, V., Gaud, N., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2011). Holonic Multi-Agent Systems. In Self-organizing Software: From Natural to Artificial Adaptation (first, pp. 238–263). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17348-6\string_11
    • BibTeX

    @inbook{RodriguezHilaireGaudGallandKoukam2011_84,
      booktitle = {Self-organizing Software: From Natural to Artificial Adaptation},
      chapter = {11},
      doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-17348-6{\string_}11},
      edition = {first},
      isbn = {978-3642173479},
      month = mar,
      pages = {238-263},
      publisher = {Springer},
      series = {Self-Organising Software From Natural to Artificial Adaptation - Natural Computing},
      year = {2011},
      title = {Holonic Multi-Agent Systems},
      author = {Rodriguez, Sebastian and Hilaire, Vincent and Gaud, Nicolas and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }
    

26. Cossentino, M., Gaud, N., Hilaire, V., Galland, S., & Koukam, A. (2010). ASPECS: an agent-oriented software process for engineering complex systems - How to design agent societies under a holonic perspective. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 2(2), 260–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-009-9099-4
    • BibTeX

    @article{CossentinoGaudHilaireGallandKoukam2010_1,
      doi = {10.1007/s10458-009-9099-4},
      journal = {Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
      month = mar,
      number = {2},
      pages = {260-304},
      publisher = {Springer},
      volume = {2},
      year = {2010},
      title = {{ASPECS}: an agent-oriented software process for engineering complex systems - How to design agent societies under a holonic perspective},
      author = {Cossentino, Massimo and Gaud, Nicolas and Hilaire, Vincent and Galland, St{\'e}phane and Koukam, Abderrafiaa}
    }